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SOCIETY/ History / Development of the Jewish Autonomous Region (1950s - 1970s)
Development of the Jewish Autonomous Region (1950s - 1970s)
After the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet and party bodies letters from citizens with requests for resettlement in the Jewish Autonomous Region began to come. In 1946 - 1948 from the western areas of the country 6326 persons arrived in the region.
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Letter with a request to resettle |
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In the region, as well as in the country, tasks of increase of the life standard of the population were solved. The normalized working day was entered again, holidays were restored, the rationing system and the military tax from the population were cancelled. These actions in the first post-war years were accompanied by increase of release of articles of food and consumer goods, allocation of significant assignments for housing and welfare construction. On the basis of growth of the national income such social actions, as increase of wages, numerous reductions of prices on goods of mass demand etc. were carried out.
1950-60s are marked by the further rise of agriculture in the region. The Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1953 accepted the decision "On measures of help to agriculture of the Jewish Autonomous Region". By the appeal of the Communist Party for work in collective farms and state farms of the JAR about 1,5 thousand graduates of regional schools arrived. Movement for association of fine collective farms in large-scale enterprises began. By 1960 the large specialized state farms, including Leninskiy, Oktyabrskiy and Partizanskiy ones were formed. |
Collective farms and state farms of the region followed the instruction by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Khabarovsk territorial committee of the CPSU on creation of own vegetable and potato and meat-and-milk food base. They received new tractors, combines, harvest engineering and other agricultural machines. There was a development of virgin and laylands. On new grounds Babstovskiy and Ungunskiy state farms were created.
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Construction of a hosiery factory in Birobidzhan. 1966 |
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Workers of village took up the increased socialist obligations on cultivation of high crops of agricultural crops, increase of efficiency of animal industries, sale of agricultural products to the state. From late 1950s - early 1960s there a new stage in development of the region economy began. Bases for its purpose were incorporated by the seven-year plan for development of the national economy authorized by the XXI congress of the CPSU in 1959. All branches of the national economy developed. |
In 1950s in Birobidzhan a brewery was constructed, in Leninskoye settlement - a vegetable-canning factory, "Derevoshirpotreb" factory was converted, "Shirpotreb" factory was expanded, construction of a tile factory and an automobile repair shop was conducted.
In 1956 the Birobidzhan carts factory passed on release of autotractor trailers, in 1960 it was reconstructed in "Dalselmash" plant, on the basis of "Rabotnitsa" artel the knitting factory was created.
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Crawler-mounted ensilage harvester. 1968 |
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In spurs of the Lesser Khingan "Khinganolovo" plant was constructed, in 1958 the second part of the Teploozyorsk cement plant was put in operation, the Priamurskiy lime sand brick plant was built, in 1959 on the basis of a metalware factory in Birobidzhan the plant of power transformers began to work, in 1967 - a hosiery factory. The leading industries in 1960s were mechanical engineering, electrotechnical, mining, building materials production. The enterprises equipped with modern machine tools and equipment received the further development: the cement plant, the plant of power transformers, the lime sand brick plant, "Izoplast" plant and a ferro-concrete products plant, "Khinganolovo" plant, Tungusskiy and Birobidzhanskiy woodworking plants, a sewing factory, a knitting mill, the hosiery factory. |
The large enterprise of agricultural mechanical engineering was "Dalselmash" plant. It was a unique plant on the Far East, which let out self-propelled crawler-mounted rice and grain and ensilage harvesters. The Combine SKG-4 received in 1966 the high estimation at the international exhibition of agricultural machines in Moscow, the plant was awarded with the Honourable diploma of the All-Union Chamber of Commerce. Production of "Dalselmash" plant was delivered in many territories and regions of the country, and exported to Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Cuba and Italy as well.
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Harvesting grain crops on fields of "Trudovaya Niva", the Leninskiy district. 1971 |
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In 1960s the region became one of the main suppliers of grain, soya and potato in the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1966 agricultural enterprises got 752,0 thousand roubles of profit, cost of the made gross output of agriculture in released prices made more than 40,0 million roubles.
In 1967 on the region’s territory 21 state farms, an integrated poultry farm, 5 large collective farms, experimental agricultural and reclamation stations, 2 fishing collective farms, 3 constructing-and-mounting departments of "Khabarovskvodstroy" trust, 5 "Selhoztekhnika" associations and branches operated. |
The competition for a rank of udarniks of communistic labour received wide occurrence.
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Construction of Bumagin microdistrict. 1978 |
In labour collectives hundreds leaders of manufacture appeared, many of them were awarded with awards and medals of the Soviet Union.
In middle 1960s the construction began to be developed. Since 1965 the city of Birobidzhan has been built up under the uniform general plan, by the whole microdistricts and quarters. Brick replaced wood, glass and concrete has come. |
Construction of the House of Culture in Birobidzhan. 1960s |
Change to peace life has enabled to start realization of plans of cultural construction among which special role was given to the further development and perfection of the education system in the country. General compulsory education of children was entered, the system of vocational training was developed, it was paid attention to cultural and educational actions. Amateur collectives worked, rural clubs, houses of culture were opened. In 1959 construction of typical houses of culture in Birobidzhan for 600 places and one in Amurzet settlement for 300 places was begun.
In 1960s in the region 144 comprehensive schools, 6 average special educational institutions and 3 technical training colleges worked. At "Dalselmash" plant the day time branch of a mechanical technical school was opened, since 1969 in Birobidzhan a technical school of light industry began to work, it prepared technologists and operators of knitwear manufacture.
At the House of culture in Birobidzhan the Jewish folk theatre worked. It started to work in 1965 as a small collective - a theatrical society. The Jewish drama collective took part in the regional review of folk theatres in Khabarovsk city, where director of the theatre M.A. Bengelsdorf was given the rank of the winner, and the theatre - diploma of the 1st degree and a rank of the winner of the All-Russia review of folk theatres.
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Order of Lenin |
On a voluntary basis 5 universities of culture worked, at the House of pioneers and schoolchildren the children's amateur film studio operated, the new city library in Birobidzhan was opened. Those years literary activity became more active. In the region the group of writers, poets and journalists worked.
According to the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in September, 1967 the Jewish Autonomous Region was awarded with the Order of Lenin for successes achieved by working in economic and cultural construction.
According to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from December, 29, 1972 the Jewish Autonomous Region was awarded with the Order of Friendship of Peoples for successes in economic and cultural construction and in commemoration of the 50-anniversary of the USSR formation. |
Order of Friendship of Peoples |
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